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Connected Conservation has published the following papers, manuals and reports based on comprehensive field research and are available as free downloads.

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Landscape connectivity for African elephants

Robin Naidoo, Malvern Karidozo and Loki Osborn

In the world’s largest transfrontier conservation area: A collaborative, multi-scalar assessment

paper 2024

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-aquatic animals conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

Crocodile attacks on people are opportunistic. They can attack even when natural food is available. Hippos are considered to be responsible for more human deaths than any other large animal in Africa.

paper 2021

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-bird conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

The KAZA TFCA supports more than 600 bird species with at least 524 bird species breeding within this TFCA.

paper 2021

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-large predator conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

Large predators require vast areas in which to roam, but human expansion and subsequent harassment by people increasingly restricts large predators to PAs.

paper 2021

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-rodent conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

Rodents remain one of the main nuisances to humans. For thousands of years they have been causing damage to crops, stored grain and infrastructure and are reservoirs for devastating human diseases such as plague and typhus.

paper 2021

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-primate conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

The recent rapid escalation of human-wildlife conflict involving primates reflects today’s realities, that is, previous primate habitat has suddenly turned into human dominated habitat.

paper 2021

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-small predator conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

Attempts to understand the behavioural traits of damage causing small predators determine
the most effective methods for reducing predation of livestock, human attacks and transmission
of diseases to domestic animals.

paper 2021

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-insect conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

Insects are essential for the proper functioning of all ecosystems as food for other creatures, pollinators and recyclers of nutrients.

paper 2021

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-ungulate conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

Assist the affected communities in applying best management practice to reduce and mitigate the conflicts.

paper 2021

A manual for reducing and mitigating human-elephant conflict

Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat

Human Elephant Conflict (HEC) is not a new phenomenon in the KAZA TFCA. Farmers (commercial
and subsistence) and elephants are increasingly coming into conflict as elephant habitat is converted to farmland.

paper 2021

Africa Food Security & Agriculture

Madison Bradley, Jennifer Gallucci, Jonathan Moallem, Erika Munshi

Predicting the Likelihood of Human-elephant Conflict and Assessing Elephant Habitat Conditions During Extreme Drought and Crop Deficit in the Kavango-Zambezi Area

paper 2020
Animal Cognition

Animal Cognition

Andrea Presotto, Richard Fayrer-Hosken, Caitlin Curry & Marguerite Madden

Spatial mapping shows that some African elephants use cognitive maps to navigate the core but not the periphery of their home ranges

paper 2019

Assessment of the human wildlife conflict mitigation measures being implemented by the Kavango-Zambezi – Short Report

Karidozo, La Grange, & Osborn

Human wildlife conflict (HWC) is arguably one of the most pressing conservation issues across the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA)

report 2016

Human Wildlife conflict mitigation measures

KAZA

It is widely recognized that humans have profoundly affected wildlife and the environment in many ways. This has manifested through habitat loss, pollution, introduction and spread of exotic and invastive species, overexploitation, and climate change.

paper 2016

Assessment of the human wildlife mitigation measures – Full Report

M. Karidozo, M. La Grange & F.V. Osborn

Assessment of the human wildlife mitigation measures being implemented by Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA) Partner Countries

report 2016

Community Based Conflict Mitigation trials

M, Karidozo, & F.V. Osborn

Results of field tests of chilli as an elephant deterrent

paper 2014
Investigating the potential of chilli Capsicum annum

Investigating the potential of chilli Capsicum annum

Guy E. Parker & Ferrel V. Osborn

Investigating the potential for chilli Capsicum annum to reduce human-wildlife conflict in Zimbabwe

paper 2006
Investigating the potential of chilli

Investigating the potential of chilli

G.E. Parker & F.V. Osborn

Investigating the potential for chilli to reduce Conflict in Zimbabwe

paper 2006
Assessment of the human wildlife mitigation measures

Habitat selection

F.V. Osborn

Habitat selection by bull elephants in central Zimbabwe

report 2005

Can bees deter elephants

Malvern Karidozo & Ferrel V. Osborn

Can bees deter elephants from raiding crops? An experiment in the communal lands of Zimbabwe

paper 2005

The concept of home range

Ferrel V. Osborn

The concept of home range in relation to elephants to Africa

paper 2004

Seasonal variation of feeding patterns

F.V. Osborn

Seasonal variation of feeding patterns and food selection by crop-raiding elephants in Zimbabwe

paper 2004

Community-based problem wildlife control

G.E. Parker

Community-based problem wildlife control

report 2003

Integrated approach for reducing the conflict

Ferrel V. Osborn & Guy E. Parker

Towards an integrated approach for reducing the conflict between elephants and people: a review of current research

paper 2003

Linking two elephant refuges

F.V. Osborn & G.E. Parker

Linking two elephant refuges with a corridor in the communal lands of Zimbabwe

paper 2003

Community-based methods to reduce crop loss

Ferrel V. Osborn & Guy E. Parker

Community-based methods to reduce crop loss to elephants: experiments in the communal lands of Zimbabwe

paper 2002

Elephant-induced change in woody vegetation

Ferrel V. Osborn

Elephant-induced change in woody vegetation and its impact on elephant movements out of a protected area in Zimbabwe

paper 2002

Elephant / Human Conflict in Niassa Reserve

G.E. Parker & S.G Anstey

Elephant / Human Conflict around Niassa Reserve, Mozambique

report 2002

Elephant / Human Conflict in Zambia

F.V. Osborn & G.E. Parker

Elephant/Human conflict around the Luangwa National Parks, Zambia

paper 2002

Elephant / Human Conflict in Mozambique

F.V. Osborn & S. Anstey

Elephant / Human Conflict around Niassa Reserve, Mozambique

report 2002

Capsicum oleoresin as an elephant repellent

F.V. Osborn

Capsicum oleoresin as an elephant repellent: field trials in the communal lands of Zimbabwe

paper 2002

Dual season crop damage

G.E. Parker & F.V. Osborn (2001)

Dual season crop damage by elephants in the Eastern Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe

report 2001

Elephant / Human Conflict around Maputo Elephant Reserve

Loki Osborn

Elephant / Human Conflict around Maputo Elephant Reserve, Mozambique

report 1998

Evidence for the effectiveness of an oleo-resin capsicum aerosol

F.V. Osborn & L.E.L. Rasmussen

Evidence for the effectiveness of an oleo-resin capsicum aerosol as a repellent against wild elephants in Zimbabwe

report 1995

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